Black-box testing

Black-box testing is a method of software testing that examines the functionality of an application without peering into its internal structures or workings.

This method of test can be applied virtually to every level of software testing: unit, integration, system and acceptance.

It typically comprises most if not all higher level testing, but can also embody unit testing.

Specific knowledge of the application's code/internal structure and programming knowledge in general is not required.

The tester is aware of what the software is supposed to do but is not aware of how it does it.

For instance, the tester is aware that a particular input returns a certain, invariable output but is not aware of how the software produces the output in the first place.

In penetration testing, black-box testing refers to a methodology where an ethical hacker has no knowledge of the system being attacked.

The goal of a black-box penetration test is to simulate an external hacking or cyber warfare attack.
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